What Is A Foreign Direct Investment In India? | FDI GroomTax

What Is A Foreign Direct Investment In India? (FDI)

If you often wonder, What is Foreign Direct Investment in India? Well, A foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a business or investor from outside the country buys a stake in the company. The phrase typically refers to a commercial decision to buy a substancial portion of a foreign company or to buy it altogether in order to expand its operations to a new area. It is not frequently used to refer to an investment in foreign firm stock.

 

How do FDIs Operate?

FDIs operate when companies that are thinking about making a foreign direct investment often only examine open economies with trained labour and above-average growth potential for the investor. The value of minimal government regulation is also common. FDI typically includes non-capital investments as well. It might also entail the provision of management, technology, and tools. The fact that foreign direct investment develops effective control over the foreign company, or at the very least significant influence over its decision-making, is one of its key characteristics.

 

 

What are the special considerations under FDI?

There are number of special considerations under FDI and here we’ll learn about them.

  • A foreign subsidiary or associate firm can be established, a controlling stake in an existing foreign business can be purchased, or a merger or joint venture with a foreign business can be made. These are just a few examples of the various ways that foreign direct investments can be made.
  • According to rules set by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a foreign business must have at least a 10% ownership holding in order for foreign direct investment to acquire a controlling interest.
  • Its scope is open-ended. In some circumstances, obtaining less than 10% of a company’s voting shares can result in the establishment of an effective controlling interest in the business.

These are some of the special consideration under FDI

 

 

(FDI) Foreign Direct Investment in India

FDI or Foreign Direct Investment in India plays an important role. Foreign direct investment is a significant source of funding for India’s economic growth. After the crisis of 1991, India began its economic liberalisation, and FDI has steadily expanded ever since. India now ranks first internationally in the greenfield FDI ranking and is a member of the top 100-club for ease of doing business (EoDB).

 

Routes by which India receives FDI

Here are the routes by which India receives FDI

 * Automatic route: Automatic route is where the RBI or Indian government’s prior approval of the non-resident or Indian company for FDI is not necessary.

 

* Government route: Government route is where approval from the government is required. Through the Foreign Investment Facilitation Portal, which enables single-window clearance, the company will need to submit an application. After consulting with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), the Ministry of Commerce, the appropriate ministry receives the application and either approves or rejects it. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for processing applications under the current FDI policy will be published by DPIIT.

 

Sectors that fall under the “up to 100% Automatic Route” category are

– Medical Devices: up to 100%

– Pension: 49%

– Infrastructure Company in the Securities Market: 49%

– Insurance: up to 49%

– Petroleum Refining (By PSUs): 49%

– Power Exchanges: 49%

 

The following industries fall under the “up to 100% Government Route” category:

– Banking & Public sector: 20%

– Broadcasting Content Services: 49%

– Mining & Minerals separations of titanium-bearing minerals and ores: 100%

– Core Investment Company: 100%

– Food Products Retail Trading: 100%

– Multi-Brand Retail Trading: 51%

– Print Media (publications/ printing of scientific and technical magazines/speciality journals/ periodicals and facsimile editions of foreign newspapers): 100%

– Print Media (publishing of newspapers, periodicals and Indian editions of foreign magazines dealing with news & current affairs): 26%

– Satellite (Establishment and operations): 100%

 

FDI Prohibition

FDI prohibition are a few sectors where all forms of FDI are outright forbidden. These sectors are

– Atomic Energy Generation

– Any Gambling or Betting businesses

– Lotteries (online, private, government, etc)

– Investment in Chit Funds

– Nidhi Company

– Agricultural or Plantation Activities (although there are many exceptions like horticulture, fisheries, tea plantations, Pisciculture, animal husbandry, etc)

– Housing and Real Estate (except townships, commercial projects, etc)

– Trading in TDRs

– Cigars, Cigarettes, or any related tobacco industry

 

Governmental measures to boost FDI into India

There are certain schemes and measures that government do in order to boos FDI into India

  • To entice foreign investment, government programmes like the 2020 production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for electronics manufacturing have been announced.
  • The government’s revision of the FDI Policy 2017 to allow 100% FDI under the automatic route in coal mining activities increased the FDI influx in 2019.
  • The government confirmed in 2019 that investments in Indian firms involved in contract manufacturing are also permitted under the 100% automatic route if they are carried out through a valid contract, even though FDI in manufacturing was previously under the 100% automatic route.
  • The administration also allowed 26% FDI in the digital sectors. The market in India offers a considerable market opportunity for the foreign investors because of favourable demographics, significant mobile and internet penetration, massive consumption, and technology acceptance.
  • The Government of India’s online single-point interface with investors to assist FDI is known as the Foreign Investment Facilitation Portal (FIFP). It is managed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry’s Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade.
FDI investment is anticipated to rise
  • Foreign investors have expressed interest in the government’s efforts to privatise airports and allow commercial train operations
  • Future substantial investments are also anticipated in valuable industries like defence manufacturing, where the government increased the FDI quota under the automatic method from 49% to 74% in May 2020.

 

FDI AND FEMA

For nations where cash is scarce, foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a crucial source of funding. A person or organisation can invest money from abroad in an Indian company through foreign direct investment. The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, governs India’s foreign direct investment policy, which is overseen by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). FDI is defined as an investment that is more than 10% in value or that is made from outside the country, according to data published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

 

FEMA is a crucial resource for the expansion and development of numerous Indian industries. FEMA’s key goals are to encourage orderly growth, balance payments, and allow international trade while also maintaining India’s access to foreign currency. The following is a list of significant FEMA provisions for compliance with foreign investment:

– Foreign Assets and Liabilities as well as Annual Return

– Commercial loans from outside sources.

– Report on Annual Performance.

– Form for Advance Reporting.

– Single master form

– Form FC-GPR

  • FC-TRS Form
  • ODI form

Check Why We Are One Of The Best FEMA Consultants In India?

valuations of shares

What Is The Valuation Of Shares In Corporate Accounting?

Knowing the worth of a company’s shares is done through the valuation of shares process. Share valuation is based on quantitative methods, and the value of a share will change depending on market supply and demand. It is simple to find out the share price of listed corporations that are traded publicly. However, the valuation of shares is extremely significant and difficult with regard to private corporations whose shares are not sold publicly. Here, in this article we will know about how valuation of shares in corporate accounting is done.

 

When is a Share Valuation necessary?

The following are some scenarios where the share valuation is necessary:

* One significant factor is when you are preparing to sell your firm and need to determine its value.

* As soon as you ask your bank for a loan using shares as security

* Share value is crucial during mergers, acquisitions, reconstruction, amalgamations, and other business transactions.

* When your company’s shares are about to be converted, going from equity to preference

* When creating an employee stock ownership plan, valuation is necessary (ESOP)

* When determining tax obligations under the wealth tax or gift tax legislation

* When share valuation is mandated by law during a court proceeding shares that a brokerage firm owns

* The corporation is nationalised after paying the stockholders compensation.

 

What are Share Valuation Methods?

1. Asset-based

The value of the company’s assets and liabilities, including intangible assets and contingent liabilities, is the foundation of this strategy, called Asset-Based. For manufacturers, wholesalers, and other businesses that use a significant amount of capital assets, Asset-based may be quite helpful. The conclusions drawn using the income or market methodologies are likewise verified using this method as a reasonableness check. Here, the value of each share is calculated by dividing the company’s net assets by the total number of shares.

 

2. Income Based

When only a small number of shares are being valued, this method is employed. In Income Based, the emphasis is on the anticipated returns on the business investment, or what the company will produce in the future. A popular technique is to divide predicted earnings by a capitalization rate to determine the worth of a company. Besides these two, DCF and PEC are also employed. A company that is well established can employ PEC, but more complex analyses like discounted cash flow analysis are better suited for freshly created businesses or firms with erratic short-term earnings assumptions.

 

3. Market-Based

The market-based method typically makes use of the stock or asset sales of comparable private organisations as well as the share prices of comparable publicly traded companies. There are numerous proprietary databases on the market that can be used to get information about private companies. What is more crucial is how to choose similar companies; there are several factors to take into consideration while making this decision, including the size, industry, size, financial standing, and date of the transaction, among others.

To know more about the Share valuation methods, tap on the link to know more about it in detail.
GroomTax

The practice of share valuation is essential to your knowledge and success, regardless of whether you are a trader or a long-term investor. As a result, traders can compare the stocks of other companies using a variety of share value techniques. Long-term investors might assess their possibilities and approach them using a variety of techniques. Therefore, it’s crucial to keep up with the greatest share valuation techniques according to your needs and objectives.

Best FEMA Consultants in India in 2022

Best FEMA Consultants in India in 2022

In this article, we’ll get to know how GroomTax is acing the FEMA Consultants area and who are the best FEMA Consultants in India in 2022 but before that let’s just develop an understanding of what exactly FEMA is. The governmental agency that consolidates and updates legislation governing foreign exchange in India is known by the full name FEMA, which stands for “Foreign Exchange Management Act.” “Enabling external trade and payments and supporting the orderly development and preservation of the foreign currency market in India” was the FEMA act’s principal goal. The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973 was replaced by FEMA, which was passed by the Indian Parliament in its winter 1999 session. To manage international commerce and exchange operations, the RBI proposed FEMA in 1999. The formal directive stated that FEMA will “consolidate and revise the foreign exchange (forex) law with the purpose of facilitating external trade and payments and for fostering the orderly development and preservation of foreign exchange market in India.” The first of June 2000 marked the official implementation of the Foreign Exchange Management Act. The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) of 2002 was made possible by the entrance of the currency market in India, which the RBI now governs. FEMA was primarily implemented in India in order to de-regulate and establish an open economy. Best FEMA Consultants in India are often the ones to adhere to all the guidelines.

 

 

Objectives of FEMA

* Facilitating international trade and payments was the primary reason FEMA was implemented in India. FEMA was also developed in order to support the orderly growth and upkeep of the Indian currency market.

* All foreign exchange transactions in India must follow the rules and processes outlined by FEMA. Current Account Transactions and Capital Account Transactions are the two categories into which these foreign exchange transactions have been divided.

* According to the FEMA Act, the balance of payment is a record of transactions involving commodities, services, and assets between citizens of several nations. Capital Account and Current Account make up the majority of its divisions.

* All financial transactions are included in the capital account, whereas commerce in goods is included in the current account. Current Account transactions are those that include money moving into and out of a country or countries over the course of a year as a result of trading or providing goods, services, and income.

* An economy’s health is shown by the current account. As was already established, the balance of payments consists of both current and capital accounts; the capital account, which represents the movement of capital in the economy due to capital receipts and expenditures, makes up the remaining portion of the balance of payments. The capital account recognises both domestic and foreign investment in domestic assets.

 

Services of FEMA

We offer our broad perspective in the following FEMA advice services that we provide since our FEMA consultants have carved out their own distinct niche in the field of FEMA Consultancy. Here are a few services of FEMA:-

– Consultations for foreign exchange-related transactions

– Help with common issues affecting the interpretation of FEMA regulation

– Services for inward investment advisory.

– Consulting services for international investments.

– Aid in litigation and advocacy before authorities

– Help open liaison, branch, and project offices both inside and outside of India.

– Services for an expert business licence, such as CDSCO License and IE Code, etc.

– Services for filing annual returns.

– Assistance and certification with business valuation

– Help with submitting specific forms, such as FCGPR, FCTRS, etc.

 

Applicability of FEMA Act

The Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) is applicable to all of India as well as to organisations and offices abroad (which are owned or managed by an Indian Citizen). The Enforcement Directorate is the name of FEMA’s headquarters, which is located in New Delhi. FEMA is applicable to:

– Foreign exchange.

– Foreign security

– Exporting goods or services from India to a nation outside of India.

– Importation of commodities and/or services from countries other than India.

– Securities as outlined in the 1994 Public Debt Act.

– Any form of purchase, sale, or exchange (i.e. Transfer).

– Services in banking, finance, and insurance.

– Any foreign corporation when at least 60% of the ownership is held by an NRI (Non-Resident Indian).

– Any Indian national living inside or outside the country (NRI).

 

According to the FEMA Act, the current account transactions have been divided into three categories, namely:

– Transactions that FEMA forbids,

– The Central Government must approve the deal,

– The RBI must approve the transaction.

 

Prohibition on Drawal of Foreign Exchange

– Any payment received as a result of winning the lottery.

– Any payments made from winnings from racing, riding, etc.

– Any payments made to purchase lottery tickets, football pools, sweepstakes, magazines that are prohibited or prescribed, etc.

– Commissions on exports are paid in exchange for equity investments by Indian companies in joint ventures and foreign wholly owned subsidiaries.

 

Penalties Under FEMA

There are a few things that we should keep in mind in order to avoid any penalties under FEMA. Any person who violates the terms of FEMA or any rule, direction, regulation, order, or notification issued thereunder is subject to a fine of up to Rs. 2 lakh, which is equal to three times the amount of the violation. For each day that the violation persists, the offender will be subject to a further penalty of up to Rs. 5,000 in the case of a continuing violation.

 

Now that we have a fairly good idea about FEMA and how GroomTax functions, it’s safe to say that we are the best FEMA Consultants in India in 2022. To know more, click here…
What does startup valuation mean in India? | GroomTax

What Does Startup Valuation Mean In India?

When we think about the word, Startup Valuation, there are times when we often think about what does startup valuation mean in India? Now that India is taking center stage in global markets due to high growth & reform expectations, demographic dividend, and significant demand, many Indian startups have emerged, especially in the last couple of years, building scalable businesses (substantially Tech-enabled) to solve a variety of problems we face in our daily lives. Internet-based companies have experienced unprecedented growth throughout the world. 

 

If this question ever comes to your mind, What does Startup Valuation mean in India then, Startup valuation is, to put it simply, the process of determining a company’s valuation, or how much it is worth. At the seed fundraising round, an investor makes a financial commitment to a business in exchange for equity in a piece of the enterprise. Because it enables them to choose how much ownership to give a seed investor in exchange for money, valuation is essential for business owners. For an investor, it is also crucial since they need to know how many shares of the business they will receive in return for the initial money they contributed.

 

What is the importance of Startup Valuation?

Investors frequently choose to fund early-stage businesses because they can see the full potential of the business. There are is so much that startup needs to do in its initial stage and here are some of the importance of Startup valuation. An early-stage startup should assess the worth of the company for the following reasons:

 

* Helps attract investments

Investors are constantly looking for company plans with a strong business strategy and a thorough and accurate assessment and startup valuation helps attract investments. You must create a solid business strategy that is supported by solid financial information as an early-stage startup. Without this information, investors might not be interested in your investment proposition. The decision of an investor to invest in the growth of an early-stage business depends heavily on the startup’s value. Startup valuation definitely helps attract investments.

 

* Helps predict future sales

Various financial metrics must be used in order to help predict future sales and profits of the company. An early-stage startup’s value is used to calculate the right amount of supplies and other investments that will help to ensure the company’s growth. It’s critical to keep in mind that early-stage firms may face unforeseen challenges, making their success questionable. Using an early-stage startup’s valuation can boost the company’s projected sales.

 

* Helps in determining the potential of a business

Different sorts of early-stage startups exist, each with a unique potential. Knowing the startup valuation will help in determining the potential of a business. While some firms might not even survive to the following quarter, others might be extraordinarily successful. It’s crucial to be aware that evaluating a startup’s potential can aid in your decision regarding which business to pick.

 

* Making Decisions

Making decisions is aided by startup value. The process of knowing your business is valuation. The entrepreneur needs to be aware of the company’s true value before making any decisions, such as deciding how much equity to issue to the investor or concluding any deals. When you know the valuation of your startup, making decisions comes handy.

 

 

Here are few more Importance of Startup Valuation :- 

* Negotiation Authority

Knowing the true value of your startup business will make it much simpler for you to negotiate a fair price during mergers. it also helps you being a negotiation authority. When a larger firm wants to make you its daughter company in the early stages, startups merge. If you have all the value figures for your startup endeavour at that time, you can simply accept the request. Being in the position of negotiation authority comes with its own benefits.

 

* Setting the future

Setting the future is important for an entrepreneur. The entrepreneur is able to predict the company’s future and existing state with the help of a proper startup valuation study. As a result, the business owner will be better able to set their sights on the desired outcomes, devise plans for achieving those outcomes, and adapt and put into practise new plans for advancing the startup’s present stage. You may quickly and simply benefit from Startup Valuation after you have accurate valuation information for your business.

 

* The true value is known

Startup valuation is important when trying to persuade investors to give money to your business. As for the investors, they learn what they will get in return for their investment, which benefits both the company and the investors. The Startup Valuation benefits are primarily derived from the procedure and the true value is known.

 

Importance of startup valuation is important to every business because it influences how much equity an entrepreneur must provide to an investor in exchange for the necessary money. This suggests that in exchange for a seed investment, a firm that is valued higher must grant a smaller percentage of equity or shares to the investor. Startup valuation is crucial from an investor’s perspective as well as from the perspective of entrepreneurs since it enables investors to estimate the return they will get on their investment.

 

What are the Valuation Factors for Startups?

Now that we have seen how a proper or incorrect valuation can make or break a deal, the next obvious question is what are the valuation factors for startups. Before learning how it’s done, let’s take a closer look at the variables that affect a company’s valuation:

 

Here are a few valuation factors for Startups

* Traction

It is one of the key elements affecting seed stage valuation. Traction primarily serves as the quantitative indicator of growing client demand for a startup. Traction is the most crucial factor in persuading investors to put money in a company since it plainly shows expansion and growth.

 

* Reputation

The founders must make sure they have a good reputation in the market before moving forward with the valuation round. The founder’s reputation and abilities are two of the most crucial factors that investors consider before making an investment.

 

* Prototype

A key element that can affect an investor’s choice is the creation of a prototype. Therefore, make sure the prototype is ready before preparing to pitch to an investor.

 

* Pre-valuation revenues

Revenues are unquestionably crucial for any business since they simplify the assessment process for investors. Therefore, if a product has already been launched and is making money, it may influence an investor’s choice in favour of that firm and serve as a true deal-breaker.

 

* Distribution Channel

It is highly probable that the product or service will also be in its early stages throughout the startup phase. Due of the potential impact on valuation, founders should exercise caution when choosing the distribution channel.

 

* The Industry

Investors are quite likely to pay a premium if the company is in a booming sector of the economy. This suggests that it’s critical to pick the appropriate industry because it will raise a company’s value

business-man-financial-inspector-secretary-making-report-calculating-checking-balance-internal-revenue-service-inspector-checking-document-audit-concept_1423-128

VALUATION OF SHARES

MEANING

Valuation of shares is defined as the process of calculating the value of shares of any company. The value of each share depends on some external factors such as market demand and supply. This process is done through various quantitative techniques.

IMPORTANCE

The Valuation of Shares is very important for any company as it helps to manage the business. It tracks the performance in terms of estimated change in value and not just in revenue terms. It also helps to track the effectiveness of the Strategic Decision Making Process.

The Valuation of shares is also important when Business has to be sold out and the value of the business is required to be known. Some of the cases where the valuation is important are Acquisition, Amalgamation, Merger and Reconstruction. The Valuation of Shares is also important for the Investors as higher valuations would mean more money per share can be sold to the investors and it will be easier for them to borrow the money.

EFFECT OF VALUATION IN DECISION MAKING

Valuation of shares helps in the decision making by following ways:-

1. The growth of the business depends on Valuation of Shares. The higher the rate of growth, the higher shall be the value of business.

2. Business Risks and issues related to the owner and management are reduced by the Valuation process.

3. It increases the cash flow and the investors are interested in future cash flows.

METHODS

Following are the Five Methods of Valuation of Shares:-

1. Asset Backing Method:- It is also called Net Asset Method. The Valuation made in this method is based on the assets of the company. Under this Method, the valuation of each share is calculated as the value of the total net assets of the company (including goodwill) divided by the total number of shares issued with an entitlement to assets on wind up.

2. Yield- Basis Method:- Yield is defined as the effective rate of return(ROR) on investments which is invested by the investors. Under this method, The Valuation is made on the basis of Yield. It is expressed in terms of Percentage.

3. Price- Earning Ratio Method:- The Price- Earning Ratio (P/E Ratio) is calculated by dividing the Market Value Price Per Share by the Company’s Earning Per Share (EPS). The Investors get a better sense of the value of share of the company by this ratio. It shows the willingness of the market to pay for a stock today based on the past or future earnings. If this ratio is high, then the price of the stock is high in relation to the earnings and possibly, it is overvalued.

4. Return on Capital Employed Method:- Return on Capital Employed is a type of profitability ratio and is calculated through dividing Earning Before Interest and Tax (EBIT), by capital employed. Capital Employed is the difference between total assets and current liabilities. It measures how efficiently a company is using its capital to generate profits. If the value of this ratio is high, it shows that a large amount of profits can be invested back in the company for the benefit of all the shareholders.

5. Fair Value Method:- Firstly, under this method, the profit is calculated on the basis of past average profit, and then the capitalised value of profit is calculated on the basis of Normal Rate of Return. Finally, the capitalised value of profit is divided by the number of shares to find the value of each share.

6. Discounted Cash Flow Method:- This is a method of valuation that is used to determine the value of investment which is based on it’s return or future expected cash flows. The return of investment must be greater than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC).

BENEFITS

Following are the benefits of Valuation of Shares:-

1. It Helps to Identify Risk Areas of the company and proper precautions can be taken to avoid such shares that are dangerous for the portfolio.

2. Analysis of Stock can be done easily after its valuation.

3. Comparative Analysis within the sector and industry becomes easier.

4. Impact of Corporate Events, such as Acquisitions, Mergers, etc., can be assessed easily using stock valuation as these events may affect future cash flows and value of share of the company.

DISADVANTAGES

Following are some disadvantages of Valuation of Shares:-

1. Occurrence of Faults in Assumptions that are taken during the valuation process. These assumptions frequently go wrong since these are based on estimates. In case, if the assumptions go wrong, the value of shares can be affected by which wrong decisions will be taken by the management.

2. Intangible Assets are not considered during the valuation of shares which shall result in wrong investment decisions.